Sociology

**[Who introduced the concept of “double hermeneutics” in sociology? (CSS-2025)]**A. Anthony GiddensB. Jürgen HabermasC. Peter BergerD. Alfred Schutz Show Answer Correct Answer: A. Anthony Giddens

**[The concept of “cultural lag” was introduced by: (CSS-2025)]**A. C. Wright MillsB. William F. OgburnC. Robert K. MertonD. Herbert Blumer Show Answer Correct Answer: B. William F. Ogburn

**[Postmodernism in sociology primarily critiques: (CSS-2025)]**A. Traditional Grand Narratives and Universal TruthsB. Traditional Functionalist FrameworksC. The Application of Quantitative Methods in Social ResearchD. The Overemphasis on Individual Agency Show Answer Correct Answer: A. Traditional Grand Narratives and Universal Truths

**[In “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism,” Weber argues that modern capitalism arose because of: (CSS-2025)]**A. RationalizationB. Ascetic ProtestantismC. MaterialismD. Industrial Revolution Show Answer Correct Answer: B. Ascetic Protestantism

**[According to Louis Althusser, “ideological state apparatuses” include: (CSS-2025)]**A. The Military and the PoliceB. Religion, Education, and MediaC. The Judicial SystemD. Bureaucracies and Political Institutions Show Answer Correct Answer: B. Religion, Education, and Media

**[“Base and Superstructure” is a key idea in: (CSS-2025)]**A. FunctionalismB. Symbolic InteractionismC. MarxismD. Rational Choice Theory Show Answer Correct Answer: C. Marxism

**[Which concept by Durkheim refers to a state where social norms are unclear or break down? (CSS-2025)]**A. AnomieB. Mechanical SolidarityC. Organic SolidarityD. Social Fact Show Answer Correct Answer: A. Anomie

**[Herbert Spencer’s theory of “Social Darwinism” is based on: (CSS-2025)]**A. Survival of the FittestB. Class StruggleC. Social SolidarityD. Rationalization Show Answer Correct Answer: A. Survival of the Fittest

**[Robert K. Merton introduced the concept of: (CSS-2025)]**A. Social FactB. Manifest and Latent FunctionsC. RationalizationD. Social Stratification Show Answer Correct Answer: B. Manifest and Latent Functions

**[Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of “habitus” refers to: (CSS-2025)]**A. Cultural CapitalB. Social CapitalC. Dispositions Shaped by Social StructuresD. Class Conflict Show Answer Correct Answer: C. Dispositions Shaped by Social Structures